VS - Electrical Systems From Stop-Start to Hybridization

6

Homologation cycles

Vehicles are all tested for emissions through standard procedures before being type-approved (authorised for sale). Performances are measured with a test car running on a chassis dynamometer. However, test methods, including test cycles (i.e. vehicle running patterns) vary among countries and regions. The test cycles simulate a range of driving conditions, at highway speeds and at speeds more typical of urban driving. To a new Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) by Sept. 2017 The World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE/WP29) has brought governments and car makers together to define a new test procedure to be adopted around the world.

The new WLTP cycle (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure) was developed on the basis of driving data gathered from around the world, it covers driving cases from urban traffic to highways. Benefit from more vehicle dynamics to recover energy In contrast to the current NEDC (New European Driving Cycle), the WLTP test procedure is much more dynamic since it has many more acceleration and braking cycles than its predecessor it promotes architectures implementing energy recovery as the Mild-Hybrid.

NEDC - European cycle versus WLTP - new harmonized cycle Lessstopeventsandmorebrakingphase’s favorsenergyrecoveryfeatures innewvehicleapplications NEDC - European cycle versus WLTP - new harmonized cycle

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

NEDC Speed profile (km/h)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 0

Percentage of drive mode

NEDC - European cycle versus WLTP - new harmonized cycle

Urban Extra-urban NEDC Speed profile (km/h)

Perce

NEDC 2007

25.1

15.5

37

22.4

Extra-urban

Urban

Braking energy recovery systems takes advantage of deceleration phases to harvest electrical energy and charge energy packs, this energy is later used for devices using the board net electrical power or for systems that helps the vehicle during transient accelerations. Speed (km/h) 0

NEDC 2007

25.1

1

WLTP

13.3 41.5

3

42.2

WLTP

13.3

0%

20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Speed (km/h)

ew harmonized cycle

0%

20%

Decel

Cruise Accel

Stop

D

Stop

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200

(20mn)

Time (seconds)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200

Percentage of drive mode

(20mn)

Time (seconds)

NEDC 2007

25.1

15.5

37

22.4

WLTP Speed profile (km/h)

WLTP Speed profile (km/h)

WLTP

13.3 41.5

3

42.2

0%

20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Speed (km/h)

Decel

Cruise Accel

Stop

Speed (km/h)

Urban

Peri-urban

Road

Highway

(20mn) 1100 1200

0

Urban

Peri-urban

Road

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

0

10

(30 mn)

Time (seconds)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 150

Time (seconds)