VS - Electrical Systems From Stop-Start to Hybridization

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In the race for CO 2 reduction, engine downsizing permits to improve the powertrain performances but it has some side effects on the engine performances at low revs, this can be compensated by various technologies as turbocharging, direct injection and electrical assistance. Mild Hybrid’s consist in a complementary electrical support for further downsized architectures, this support takes place in engine working conditions where torque is the lowest: ●● Downsized combustion engines are weak in torque @ low revs ●● Electric machines have high performances @ low revs Smartly combining both forces allows to gain in performance but it requires some alternate electrical energy that does not compromise the engine consumption. i-StARS Gen3 - From Micro-Hybrid to Mild-Hybrid

CO 2 reduction and new test cycles push the automotive industry tomore hybridized architectures, from Micro-Hybrid to Mild-Hybrid and Full-Hybrid. ●● Micro-Hybrid’s systems allow lowering CO 2 emissions mostly with start-stop features ●● Mild Hybrid’s are parallel systems that combines medium levels of engine assist and regenerative braking features ●● Full Hybrid’s are able to run only on the engine, only in electric mode, or a combination of both

Torque Torque

Torque de cit can be compensated by electrical torque assist (short duration) Torque de cit can be compensated by electric l torque assist (short duration)

Downsized engine Downsized engine

Engine working zone Engine working zone

Original engine Original engine

Downsized engine best e ciency area Downsized engin best e ciency area

Speed Speed

Drivetrain electrification supports further engine downsizing.

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